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Electricity Generation in Sri Lanka: Hydropower, Coal & Renewables (2025)

 

Electricity Generation in Sri Lanka 2025: Hydropower, Coal & Renewables

Sri Lanka’s electricity generation landscape is evolving rapidly. As the country balances economic growth with sustainability, its energy mix in 2025 includes hydropower, coal, and renewables. This article explores how Sri Lanka generates electricity, the role of each energy source, and what the future holds.

Sri Lanka’s Electricity Generation Overview

Sri Lanka relies on a mix of hydropower, coal, and renewable energy to meet its electricity demands. In 2025, the country continues to shift toward sustainable energy while managing the challenges of energy security and affordability.

Key Energy Sources in 2025:

  • Hydropower – A traditional backbone of Sri Lanka’s electricity.

  • Coal – Still a major player despite environmental concerns.

  • Solar & Wind – Fast-growing renewable energy sectors.

  • Other Renewables – Biomass and mini-hydro contributions.

Hydropower: Sri Lanka’s Traditional Energy Giant

Victoria Dam in Sri Lanka Generating Hydropower


Why Hydropower Dominates

Hydropower has long been Sri Lanka’s primary electricity source, thanks to abundant rivers and monsoon rains. Major dams like Victoria, Randenigala, and Samanalawewa contribute significantly.

Challenges in Hydropower Generation

  • Seasonal dependency – Droughts reduce output.

  • Environmental impact – Displacement and ecosystem changes.

Future of Hydropower in Sri Lanka

While hydropower remains crucial, the focus is shifting to pumped storage and small hydro projects to enhance efficiency.

Coal Power: A Controversial Yet Critical Source

Norochcholai Coal Power Station in Sri Lanka


The Role of Coal in Sri Lanka’s Energy Mix

Coal power plants, like the Norochcholai Power Station, provide base-load electricity, ensuring grid stability.

Pros & Cons of Coal Energy

✅ Reliable & cost-effective for high demand.
❌ High pollution & carbon emissions.

Will Sri Lanka Phase Out Coal?

With global pressure to reduce emissions, Sri Lanka is exploring alternatives, but coal remains essential for now.

Renewable Energy: The Future of Sri Lanka’s Power Sector

Solar Power Expansion

Solar Farm in Sri Lanka Harnessing Renewable Energy


Sri Lanka’s sunny climate makes solar energy a top renewable choice. Rooftop solar programs and large-scale farms are expanding.

Wind Energy Potential

Areas like Hambantota and Mannar have strong wind resources, driving wind farm developments.

Biomass & Mini-Hydro Contributions

  • Biomass from agricultural waste supports rural electrification.

  • Mini-hydro plants supplement large hydropower projects.

Government Policies & Renewable Targets

Sri Lanka aims for 70% renewable energy by 2030, with incentives for solar and wind projects.

The Challenges Ahead for Sri Lanka’s Electricity Generation

Energy Security & Grid Stability

Balancing intermittent renewables with stable coal/hydropower is a challenge.

Investment & Infrastructure Needs

More funding is required for smart grids and energy storage.

Public & Private Sector Collaboration

Partnerships are essential to accelerate renewable adoption.

Conclusion: What’s Next for Sri Lanka’s Power Sector?

Sri Lanka’s electricity generation in 2025 is a mix of hydropower, coal, and renewables. While coal remains vital, the shift toward solar, wind, and other green energy sources is undeniable. With the right policies, Sri Lanka can achieve a sustainable and reliable energy future.
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